The construction of HS2’s gateway to Birmingham takes a leap forward as the huge 125-metre-long tunnel boring machine (TBM) digging the first bore of the Bromford Tunnel reaches the halfway point.
The 1,600 tonne TBM, named ‘Mary Ann’ - the real name of Warwickshire-born author George Eliot - has excavated and built 1.75 miles of the first bore of the tunnel since it started digging from a large underground box in Water Orton last year.
Driving around 40 metres underground towards Washwood Heath in Birmingham, the TBM has excavated under the Park Hall Nature Reserve and River Tame and is now passing under Castle Vale. It will continue adjacent to and under the M6 before breaking through at Washwood Heath early next year.
An expert tunnelling team have been working around the clock on shifts to operate the TBM, which also builds the tunnel as it excavates. A total of 20,797 concrete segments will be put in place by the machine, making 2,971 concrete rings to form the tunnel.
The tunnel’s 47-metre-deep ventilation shaft at Castle Vale marks the halfway point of the TBM. The shaft, which is 18.6 metres in diameter, will feature cross passages which will eventually link to the two tunnels either side to provide ventilation, servicing and emergency access. A ‘headhouse’ will be built on top of the shaft, and the whole structure will be complete in 2027.
‘Elizabeth’, the second TBM – named after Dame Elizabeth Cadbury by local school pupils, started building the tunnel’s second bore in March 2024 and is due to finish her journey towards the end of 2025.
The two TBMs will remove 1.87 million tonnes of excavated material, which is being sifted at the on-site slurry treatment plant and reused on nearby sites at the Delta Junction, where a complex network of 13 viaducts is being built. HS2 has built dedicated roads between these construction sites, including an access off the M6/M42 link roads, in order to take lorries off public roads.
In preparation for the arrival of the TBMs at Washwood Heath, a huge earthworks operation has been completed by a team of 130 people to build the tunnel’s west portal, which at 22 metres below ground is the deepest of the four tunnel portals on the Midlands section of the HS2 route.
The portal is at the start of a 750-metre-long cut and cover structure, which is currently being excavated and built. This is where HS2 trains will emerge from the Bromford Tunnel and travel below ground level, before raising up onto a series of viaducts through Birmingham’s industrial heartland and into Curzon Street Station.
Steve Powell, HS2’s Head of Delivery said: “We’re now at peak construction in the West Midlands, and it’s great to celebrate the halfway point for the ‘Mary Ann’ tunnel drive into Birmingham. By the end of next year, both of these tunnels will be built, marking a significant step in HS2’s construction in the region.
“Around 31,000 people are working on HS2, with around a third of these in the West Midlands including 615 apprentices and over 1,650 people who were previously unemployed, providing a unique opportunity for local people to learn new skills while delivering the UK’s largest construction programme.”
Jules Arlaud, Tunnelling Director for Balfour Beatty VINCI said: “Reaching the halfway point on this complex stretch of the HS2 route into Birmingham is a great milestone for our 180-strong tunnelling team. We’re looking ahead now to delivering the final stages of tunnelling, and celebrating the breakthrough of both TBMs at Washwood Heath next year.”
Liam Byrne, Labour MP for Hodge Hill and Solihull North said: "The extraordinary tunnelling under Water Orton and Birmingham is a world-class bit of engineering which would have made Matthew Bolton and James Watt proud. What is more, there are now more local residents working on the project than ever before.
"HS2 is going to transform the economy of Birmingham and the West Midlands and the first trains will be running in just a few years’ time. What is now needed is the same genius that there is in this power of engineering to help us figure out how to bring down costs and drive up the economic benefits to the city and to Solihull."
Rosa Diez, Tunnels Technical Lead for Mott MacDonald/Systra Design JV said: “We are incredibly proud of the work we have accomplished as a highly collaborative team in reaching the halfway point at Bromford Tunnel. Achieving such a tunnelling milestone of this diameter and in challenging ground conditions under Birmingham is an engineering feat which the experienced team has embraced.
“Mary Ann and Elizabeth will complete their tunnelling journey into Birmingham leaving a long-lasting legacy of engineering achievement and progress for the region.”
The specialist tunnelling teams are from UK firm Tunnelcraft, and Solihull-based Rorcon, with a total of ten apprentices including formerly unemployed people from the local area who now have jobs on the project.
Once complete, HS2 services will run between London and the West Midlands on a dedicated high-speed line before linking reaching destinations further north via the existing West Coast Main Line. It will provide significantly more efficient and faster journeys, while relieving pressure on the most congested southern end of the West Coast Main Line, allowing more local and freight trains to operate.
